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When your Yorkshire terrier becomes ill, you will want to know what to do immediately. Because Yorkies are so tiny, they can go downhill fast when they are sick. It is a good idea to be ready in case of an emergency. Here are some things you need to know about caring for your Yorkie when she gets sick.

• Dogs do not become ill easily. When they are sick it is usually because of something they have eaten. Make sure to supervise any food that is fed to your Yorkshire terrier. If you are going to be away from home leave clear instructions on what kind of food is to be given to your dog and at what times you want her fed.
• Food from the table will often make a small dog like a Yorkie quite ill. This food is too rich and has most likely been prepared with salt and other spices. Your dog could end up very ill after eating even a small amount of table food.
• All dogs, even Yorkshire terriers, will overeat if given the chance. You may think it is cute to see your dog eat so much at one time, but there is nothing funny about a sick dog.

If your Yorkie vomits more than once during a 24 hour period or has a bout of diarrhea, take her to your veterinarian. Excessive vomiting can cause dehydration and small dogs are more fragile in this case. Ask your veterinarian to recommend a dog food that will help with a sensitive stomach. Sometimes they may even suggest feeding baby food for the next day or two after being sick.

And now I invite you to find out more about taking care of and training small and toy dogs such as Yorkshire Terriers and Maltese by visiting http://www.YorkshireTerriersAretheBest.com

All natural gourmet dog treats are becoming very popular among health conscious dog owners these days. Some people have even started baking fresh homemade dog biscuits and cookies for their dogs using nothing but fresh healthy ingredients. We all love giving our canine companions treats from time to time so why not give them the best quality treats you can find.

You may be wondering about all the preservatives and additives that are found in so many of the commercial doggie treats that you can pick up in the supermarket. So if you want to minimize the amount of chemicals your dog is taking in, giving them all natural gourmet dog treats may be just the ticket. Here are some suggestions on what kind of natural treats are available on the market today and were you might possibly find them.

When looking for something that is free of a lot of preservatives, a healthy and wholesome natural pet health food store is always a good place to begin. At one time these types of stores carried mainly supplements and maybe a few vegetable type snacks but that has changed.

Along with natural pet food stores, check out locally owned pet supply stores. These stores are often excellent places to find lines of all natural gourmet dog treats that are made locally. Many of these premium snacks will list every ingredient that goes into the product, and often will read more like a recipe then a list of ingredients.

Among the all natural gourmet dog treats you can find are vegetarian selections that are made from whole fruits and vegetables, this is a great alternative for dogs that can only tolerate grain free treats. Some vegetable treats are made from sweet potatoes which are known to be highly nutritious and very high in antioxidants.

Grain free treats are high in protein and low in carbohydrates and some of these gourmet snacks are even coated with a tasty carob coating. This is great if your pet has some special needs, such as avoiding certain types of meat by-products or limiting carbohydrates to help control your dogs weight and keep them healthy.

Some natural treats are made from organic meat that do not contain fillers, hormones, chemical preservatives and no grains while others are baked using human grade ingredients for dogs who cannot tolerate typical pet food ingredients. Often, the range of selections for treats will take into account a number of health issues. Specifically for dogs that have allergic reactions to certain grains and foods like wheat, corn, gluten and other ingredients.

Whether you just want your canine companion to have snacks made from natural fresh ingredients or your dog has certain health needs and requires a special diet there are a lot of all healthy natural gourmet dog treats available on the market today.

Discover were to find all
natural gourmet dog treats here and other healthy natural pet supplies for your pet.

The secret to successful fishkeeping would have to be routine and regular maintenance. The simple tasks involved will prevent the fishkeeper being beset with problems and ending up with a messy unhealthy environment for his/her fishes to live in. Once established, your aquarium will require a minimum of time and effort to keep it looking attractive and its inhabitants healthy and colourful.

On a daily basis:

* Feed fish
* Check water temperature
* Check fish numbers and behaviour
* Remove debris, such as uneaten food, dead leaves (if planted), etc.
* Check filters are operating OK
* Check Air pumps are operating OK.

On a weekly basis:

* Test water quality; if necessary carry out a partial water change
* Prune plants (if planted)
* Clean condensation tray.

Every 2-3 weeks:

* Partial water change (approx. 20-30 per cent)
* Clean filters
* Clean tank
* Remove algae from front of glass
* Check if plants need thinning (if planted)

It isn\’t necessary or indeed wise to completely empty out and clean an aquarium. Regular partial water changes are far more beneficial in ensuring that both fishes and plants remain healthy.

Adding fresh water will dilute any pollutants that may be present, such as nitrates, and is best carried out along with a general clean up of the aquarium, in particular removal of debris and uneaten food from the gravel.

It is recommended that all electrical equipment in the aquarium be turned off before carrying out maintenance which involves putting your hands in the water! It\’s also handy to have a couple of cloths ready to wipe your hands with as you dip in and out of the water.

It is best to remove any rocks from the aquarium first so that the gravel is easier to clean, place them in a bucket out of the way (any buckets and other such equipment should be set aside for aquarium use only, to avoid polluting the aquarium).

A gravel cleaner can be used to clean the gravel thoroughly, without clouding the water too much. Siphon the dirty water into a bucket specifically kept for the job and then dispose of the water in an appropriate place e.g. the garden.

Regular cleaning of the gravel also ensures that it doesn\’t get clogged up with debris, which is essential if an undergravel filtration system is to work efficiently. Internal filter sponges, or pre-filter media, should be washed in old aquarium water only, not in tap water, the chlorine in tap water would destroy the beneficial bacteria present on them; only wash enough to free them of any clogging debris.

With the water level reduced, you can take the opportunity to clean any items in the aquarium deemed necessary, and remove any algae that may have built up on the front of the glass. (I use a washing up sponge for this, the type with a nylon scourer on one side, an old toothbrush is also useful for cleaning jobs).

You can leave the rear and sides for a more natural appearance, and for any algae loving fish to rasp on. Place any rocks back into the aquarium BEFORE refilling with fresh water. The fresh water should be treated with dechlorinator and be the same temperature as the existing aquarium water, which can then be siphoned into the aquarium.

When the aquarium is filled, replace the covers and lid, wipe the outside glass with a damp cloth, no detergent or cleaners! Switch all your equipment back on and check that it\’s all working. That\’s all there is to it, but regularly done it will save a lot of misery and you will have an aquarium to be proud of and not one that you would rather hide away.

For more information about freshwater tropical fishkeeping please visit my site at http://www.freshwatertropicalfishkeeping.com for 30 years or more of fishkeeping experience. Or watch out for more fishkeeping articles from me, Kevin M. Yates at FWTFK

Fishes face lots of dangers once they leave the relative shelter of the aquatic store, adding fishes to a new aquarium needs to be done with great care so as not to stress the fishes too much, or even cause them a worse fate. You owe it to the fishes that you buy, to take great care of them, just as you would any other animal that you would foster.

After setting up a new aquarium, and when you are satisfied with your water test results, one or two hardy fishes can be introduced. These will produce enough waste to feed the bacteria and build up their numbers. When adding fishes you should never just tip them straight out of the bag into the aquarium, the temperature in the bag will be different to the temperature of the water in your aquarium.

Fishes should be acclimatized gently otherwise they could be shocked, which would leave them prone to disease. Instead of just emptying the bag straight into the aquarium, place the unopened bag in your aquarium water for about 15 minutes to start equalizing the temperature, then open the bag and add a small amount of aquarium water to it, leave this for 5 minutes, then repeat until the temperature of the waters are equal, before gently letting the fishes swim out of the bag.

Don\’t be tempted to add any more fish stock just yet, this is a crucial stage. Using your test kits you should monitor the ammonia and nitrite levels every couple of days while the bacteria multiply. It\’s not unusual for the nitrite level to increase at this stage, it should soon fall back. Over the next two weeks do your tests regularly. If you find unacceptable levels of nitrite you should do a partial water change, not too much mind, try about 10 per cent daily until it falls back.

When you are satisfied that levels have remained stable, you can add another small batch of fish. Once again, remember to closely monitor ammonia and nitrite levels for a couple of weeks before adding another small batch of fish. Gradually build up to the recommended stocking levels for the dimensions of your aquarium, over an 8 to 10 week period.

How many Fish?

If you want to know how many fishes your freshwater tropical aquarium can accommodate, simply multiply your aquariums length by width in inches and divide by 12, this is the total amount of fish in inches that your aquarium can support.

If you want the metric version: measure your aquarium in centimetres, divide by 30, this will give you the amount of fish in centimetres.

24 x 12 x 12 inches aquarium, 24 x 12 = 288 divided by 12 = 24 inches of fish.

60 x 30 x 30cm aquarium, 60 x 30 = 1800 divided by 30 = 60 cm of fish.

New Tank Syndrome:

When setting up a new aquarium, and/or filter, you must monitor things closely in the first 4 to 6 weeks (as I explained above), especially after adding new fish stock. As mentioned earlier, beneficial bacteria have to build up, and until then, a phenomenon known as New Tank Syndrome can occur, and could cause problems.

During the starting up process there is a characteristic rise and fall in the concentrations of ammonia and nitrite, with levels possibly becoming toxic, and causing fishes to become unhealthy. This is due at this stage to fish waste and uneaten food accumulating in the aquarium and not being broken down by the nitrifying bacteria, i.e. the Nitrogen Cycle.

Do water tests every two or three days.

Do not overfeed, once a day is more than adequate, and only the tiniest amount.

Don\’t think you\’re being cruel, far from it.

More fishes eating more food means more waste, and your filters won\’t cope with the sudden surge of fish waste. Be patient, it takes time to mature an aquarium and its filters, and you will benefit in the long run by having less problems and being successful.

If you do experience a problem with your water quality, replace about 10 - 20 per cent of it, per day, or every other day, so that you bring toxic levels down to normal, remember to treat the new water the way you did initially. Never replace more than 50% of your water at any one time (you will just end up with new water and be back to square one).

It\’s better to carry out smaller water changes over a few days, rather than change large volumes of water at any one time. When you do a water change try to get as much debris from the aquarium and gravel as possible, this task will be made easier with a gravel cleaner, and without clouding the water too much.

New tank syndrome can have a range of effects on fishes, some of which include, gasping at the surface, rapid gill movement, rubbing against objects. They will also be prone to diseases like fin rot, fungus and whitespot, and may even die.

What you must bear in mind is that if it is new tank syndrome, it is likely that all the fishes will be affected, if it is only one or two it would probably be an introduced disease. If you use common sense and try to understand the needs of the fish, and the processes of nature, you will be well on your way towards setting up a successful aquarium.

Now you can sit back and enjoy your creation. You\’ve followed the steps that will lead to more enjoyment from your hobby, rather than having to worry what on Earth went wrong!

For more information about freshwater tropical fishkeeping please visit my site at http://www.freshwatertropicalfishkeeping.com for 30 years or more of fishkeeping experience. Or watch out for more fishkeeping articles from me, Kevin M. Yates at FWTFK

When adding water to a new aquarium you can\’t leave anything to chance, this job has to be carried out correctly or your fishes will suffer for it. Preparation is everything, if you carry out this task correctly you will benefit by getting it right first time and without getting stressed. And if you think this hobby can\’t stress you out, believe me it can.

A new bucket specifically kept for your hobby is essential; you must not risk contaminating your aquarium water with any pollutant residues that might be in an old bucket. Prepare your water in the bucket, by adding an appropriate amount of tap water conditioner/dechlorinator to water that is approximately 76F (25C), this can then be added to your aquarium.

Ideally water should be siphoned into the aquarium through a tube of about half an inch (13mm) diameter, various diameters of tubing will be available at aquatic shops. If you are extremely careful you could pour the water in from the bucket, either way use an upturned saucer or something similar to pour the water onto, this will avoid disturbing the gravel. Continue until the aquarium is approximately one third full.

If you are using live plants rinse them in water of about 76F (25C) to remove any unwanted pests. Don\’t let plants dry out, and when planting avoid damaging the roots. Potted plants are worth the extra expense as they are already established and less likely to be uprooted by any boisterous fishes.

You can also use artificial plants; they look quite natural and don\’t need regular pruning. In both cases try to position your plants so that the taller ones are at the back and the shorter ones towards the front, this will create a pleasing effect and will help to hide equipment, as well as being a natural feature for your fishes.

Now you can finish filling the aquarium, in same way as before, remembering to add dechlorinator. You can also add a biological culture to the water, or directly into your filter. Biological cultures are available at your aquarist shop, and they will help speed up your filters maturation (follow the instructions on the bottle).

If you are using a condensation cover between the surface of the water and the hood, you can place that in your aquarium now. Having fitted the fluorescent light fitting and tube into the hood, place the hood on top of the aquarium. Site the control unit close to the aquarium but not where it can get splashed by aquarium water.

It\’s now time to switch on, make sure everything is working, and then leave it all to settle down for 24 hours before checking the water conditions and temperature. Don\’t worry if the water becomes cloudy, it\’s quite normal for this to happen and will settle after a few days, this is due to harmless bacteria and will disappear naturally.

Prepare for your Fish:

You must leave your aquarium and its filters to mature for at least two to three weeks. Leave all the equipment running as though there were fish in the aquarium, and get into the habit of switching the light on and off, lighting should be on for about 8 to 10 hours a day, keep it regular, your fishes will become accustomed to a routine.

Check the water temperature after 24 hours and adjust the heater as necessary, keep checking daily until a stable reading of 76F (25C) is observed (unless you need a different temperature for any specific species you want to keep, then adjust accordingly).

You must not add any fishes until there are enough beneficial bacteria to cope with the waste that they will produce. The bacteria will colonize your filters and anything else that they can cling to and multiply (adding a bacterial culture will kick-start this process).

Use your test kits according to their instructions, within this minimum period, to ensure you have correct readings before introducing any fishes.

Ammonia: 0 ppm (mg/l)
Nitrite: 0 ppm (mg/l)
Nitrate: 50 ppm (mg/l) or less
pH: 6.5 to 7.5 (for tolerant species)

After a couple of days you may be fooled into thinking everything is OK to introduce your fishes, because your test results indicate low or even zero readings, remember, there are no fishes in at the moment to produce waste to give high readings, what you have to realize is that you are actually waiting for the bacteria in your filter to multiply, ready for the introduction of a fish or two.

Fish waste is high in ammonia, and even in small amounts it can kill. Bacteria feed on the ammonia and produce nitrites, which are also toxic to fishes; these in turn are converted into nitrates, which are harmless at low levels, this process is known as the nitrogen cycle. If you introduce fishes to soon there will not be enough bacteria to break down the fishes\’ poisonous waste.

Check your water\’s pH every three or four days to ensure it is remaining stable. For a tolerant species community aquarium you should have a reading of pH 6.5 to pH 7.5 After two weeks or so, if your test results indicate that your aquarium has stabilized, you can add one or two (no more) small hardy fish, this will further help to feed your filters bacteria colonies and give the nitrogen cycle a further boost.

For more information about freshwater tropical fishkeeping please visit my site at http://www.freshwatertropicalfishkeeping.com for 30 years or more of fishkeeping experience. Or watch out for more fishkeeping articles from me, Kevin M. Yates at FWTFK

So, the decision is made, you\’re going to keep tropical fishes. You\’ve read all you can find about the hobby and you\’re all fired up ready to get started. You\’ve been out and bought yourself that new aquarium, you\’ve got it home and found a suitable location for it, and you\’re keen to get on and finish the job, can\’t wait to see it all set up.

Don\’t be tempted into putting any water into your aquarium yet!

Don\’t rush things, patience is a virtue in this hobby, it\’s better to take all day to set things up, than to dive in and rush things, only to find something wrong and have to start over again to make them right. Although in reality it will be more like half a day.

Follow these steps and you will find things easier in the long run.

If you have decided on an undergravel filtration system put the undergravel plates and uplift tubes in now. This is a pretty straight forward job, you may have to cut some of the plates to make them a fit your particular aquarium but there\’s nothing complicated there.

Gravel should be washed thoroughly before it goes into your aquarium (it\’ll be full of dust). Put a bit at a time in a bucket and run water through it from the tap or hosepipe, at the same time stirring and agitating the gravel, it takes some time to get all of the dust out of the gravel, so be patient, it\’s worth it if you don\’t want a cloudy mess when you put water into the aquarium. When clear water runs from the gravel then it\’s OK to place it in the aquarium.

In theory you should arrange the gravel so that it slopes from the rear of the aquarium to the front; this aids any debris to accumulate at the front of the aquarium when it\’s up and running, making it easier to clean. In reality, I find that the gravel doesn\’t stay that way; it will just find its own level. Either way you should aim for a depth of about two to three inches (5-8cm).

Set the aquarium heater to approximately 76F (25C) and place it on the rear glass of the aquarium at an angle of about 45 degrees, close to, but not touching the gravel. It should be placed near a filter outlet, or where there is water movement, so that heat can be distributed around the tank. Do not plug it in yet! Aquarium heaters must be submerged in water before being switched on, irreparable damage could be caused.

CAUTION an aquarium heater is hot enough to severely burn when switched on and not in water.

Powerheads can now be placed on top of the uplifts and secured to the aquarium with the brackets or suckers provided. Do not plug powerheads in yet! They need to be submerged, they are cooled and lubricated by the water, and running them dry could cause irreparable damage.

Internal filters can be placed at either side of the aquarium, or at the rear, simply insert the medium into the filter chamber and attach the filter to the glass with the brackets or suckers provided. As with powerheads, do not plug in yet!

If you\’ve decided to use an external filter instead of the options above you can set it up now according to the manufacturer\’s instructions. The features of these filters may differ slightly between one and another and according to each manufacturer, although they all work basically the same, place the pickup strainer in the aquarium.

Place any air operated features (air stones, etc.) in the aquarium, and run the tubing out of the tank to the air pump. Unless you are using a check valve (non return valve) in the airline, it is important to have the air pump higher than your water level, water could siphon back down the line otherwise.

Rocks should be washed thoroughly and placed gently in the aquarium, don\’t over do it, this stuff is heavy, and to avoid the risk of it toppling you could consider bonding it together with aquarium sealant, remember to let the sealant dry before putting any water into the aquarium.

Bogwood and Mopani wood are quite attractive pieces of decor, (remember to soak the bogwood for at least a week prior to using it), try a little aquascaping by using the wood and/ or rockwork to form terraces rather than a flat expanse of gravel. This sort of decor can be beneficial in hiding the equipment you\’ve put into the tank.

If you want to use artificial plants instead of live ones; they look quite natural and don\’t need regular pruning, you can now place these in the aquarium. Try to position your plants so that the taller ones are at the back and the shorter ones towards the front, this will create a pleasing effect and will help to hide equipment, as well as being a natural feature for your fishes.

You will have ended up with a number of plugs at the rear of your tank, use a multi-socket block to plug these into and be sure to keep the wiring tidy. But remember do not to plug any of the equipment into the power before you have put water into the aquarium.

So, now that you\’ve thoroughly enjoyed yourself building your aquarium, the next job is to put the water in.

For more information about freshwater tropical fishkeeping please visit my site at http://www.freshwatertropicalfishkeeping.com for 30 years or more of fishkeeping experience. Or watch out for more fishkeeping articles from me, Kevin M. Yates at FWTFK

A carefully planned and well-sited aquarium can be an attractive focal point of any room. Building such an aquarium may seem a daunting task if you are a newcomer to the fishkeeping hobby. It need not be provided you follow some basic rules of fishkeeping, which are explained in my guides and on my web site.

First thing you need to be doing is gathering as much information as you can, have a look around your local aquatic shops, the ones that specialise in fish and aquatic supplies, not the local pet shop that just has a few fish tanks in the corner of the shop as a sideline.

This information gathering will also give you the chance to compare prices of what is on offer between shops, and a chance to talk to the staff; they can usually offer some good advice. It\’s a good idea to strike a bond with someone you can trust and knows what they\’re talking about.

It is also advisable to read one or more of the many books and magazines available. There are many different fishkeeping theories, as you will discover (although basic rules are always observed). Therefore if you have a little knowledge yourself you can make comparisons, and be able to make some decisions of your own, as well as having a good idea of what you want from the hobby.

When you have acquired a reasonable knowledge, and have made a definite decision to start a tropical freshwater aquarium, it is then time to draw up a shopping list of equipment. Do not buy any fishes at this time. Fishes must only be added when your aquarium filters have had time to mature, this would be at least two to three weeks and only then if correct test results are obtained.

Having made up your shopping list don\’t forget to add up the cost, it would be a shame to get partially set up, only to run out of money. Think carefully about where you are going to put your aquarium. Position it first and foremost where your fishes will have minimum disturbance, a constant flow of people traffic going past your aquarium will make the fishes nervous, to say the least.

However, you will also want to place it where it can easily be viewed, and where you won\’t have difficulty getting to it for maintenance. Avoid placing it close to your rooms heating source, or where it would be in constant direct sunlight, these positions would cause temperature fluctuations, and excessive natural light would promote unsightly algal growth.

Remember that when your aquarium is fully set up it will be very heavy; one gallon of water weighs ten pounds; therefore an aquarium measuring 24×12x12inches, when filled with water, gravel, etc. would weigh in excess of 200 pounds (90kgs). Your stand or cabinet must be strong enough to support these kinds of weights, and if you are setting up an aquarium on raised floors be sure your stand is at right angles to, and lies across the floors supports.

If you are considering doing any diy work in the room, it would be worthwhile doing it before setting up your aquarium; once your aquarium is set up it will be difficult, if not impossible to move. Also paint or other chemical fumes can be adsorbed by the surface of the water, and could have a toxic affect on your fishes.

Getting Started: Wash your new aquarium in clean fresh water; do not use detergent or soap. Remember to place a polystyrene sheet of the correct dimensions beneath the base of your aquarium, some tanks don\’t need this precaution, they are designed with a floating base, which stops the bottom coming into contact with the stand (ask at the shop).

If you are going to use a film decor background, now is the time to place it on the rear of your aquarium glass (on the outside), use clear tape and keep it close to the edges, and as tight to the glass as you can. Now is the time to position your aquarium in its permanent location, you will need help doing this, even a small aquarium with its equipment, furniture, and gravel will be heavy.

Use a spirit level to ensure that your stand and aquarium are level. There is nothing worse than seeing an aquarium that isn\’t level, as you know water will find its own level and when it does it will show you just how level your aquarium really is. Now step back and have a well earned cup of coffee while you assure yourself that it is in the right place… before adding the weight of the water.

For more information about freshwater tropical fishkeeping please visit my site at http://www.freshwatertropicalfishkeeping.com for 30 years or more of fishkeeping experience. Or watch out for more fishkeeping articles from me, Kevin M. Yates at FWTFK

Puppy socialization will not only shape your pet\’s behavior towards people and animals but it will also make your dog easier to get along with. I can\’t think of any other type of training that will have such a huge impact on your dog\’s life as socialization training.

Because puppies learn much quicker while they are still young, the best time to begin puppy socialization is during your puppy\’s first twelve weeks. But remember - the longer you wait before you begin socialization training, the more difficult and lengthy it will be.

Let\’s take a look at the…

Benefits of Dog Socialization

A properly socialized puppy is not only well adjusted but is easy to get along with. He also makes a good companion. He doesn\’t get frightened by or become aggressive towards strangers.

Dogs that didn\’t go through socialization training are completely opposite.

They get into fights with other dogs, are difficult to train and often turn to fear-biting. Routine visits to a vet or a groomer become nightmarish. In short, they are just too unpleasant to be next to. Statistics also show that unsocialized dogs end up in shelters more often than the ones that went through puppy socialization training.

Puppy Socialization Tips…

• While your puppy is still young, invite friends and relatives to meet him. Include men, women and children.

• If you know people with friendly dogs, invite them over. But make sure that those dogs are up to date on their vaccinations.

• Take your puppy to places where he will be exposed to people and pets. Places like parks, city streets and shopping malls.

• Introduce your puppy to new sounds, but do it gradually. For example, leave your puppy in a living room and turn on a vacuum cleaner in some other room. When he becomes familiar with the sound, you can bring him into that room and let him explore the “monster” that makes that terrible noise!

Here are some things to avoid during puppy socialization…

• Never reward fearful behavior. The same goes for puppy tantrums.

• Socialization training should not introduce your puppy to fearful or unpleasant experiences.

• Always encourage your puppy but never force him into anything he is not ready for.

• Don\’t try to do too much at one time. Like any other training, puppy socialization will take time.

Puppy socialization is a very important step in the overall process of puppy training. What you do or don\’t do right now will affect your dog\’s behavior well into his adulthood. Good luck!

Ed Nodelman is a dog owner and a trainer with a special interest in puppy training. He is also a member of Association of Pet Dog Trainers (APDT).
For more information on puppy socialization, visit www.puppy-training-solutions.com

Benzalkonium Chloride has a 99.9% efficiency rate in its treatment. A proprietary registered FDA formula created for the medical industry furnished in skin softeners and conditioners.

Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (benzalkonium chloride) is a mixture of alkylbenzyl dimethylammonium chlorides of various alkyl chain lengths. This product has three main categories of use and is a nitrogenous cationic surface-acting agent belonging to the quaternary ammonium group. It acts as a biocide, a cationic surfactant and phase transfer agent in the chemical industry.

BC is readily soluble in alcohol and acetone. Dissolution in water is slow, and aqueous solutions are preferred. The reason for this is that they are easier to handle. The color ranges from a clear to a pale yellow and solutions are neutral to slightly alkaline. The constituency is foamy when shaken, has a bitter taste and a faint almond-like odour. This odour is detectable in concentrated solutions.

In treatment for dog skin problems, this ingredient is present in antimicrobial solutions which causes healing to be accelerated as a result of keeping the wound bacteria and infection free. This means the body does not use wasted energy fighting off infection, but instead uses the same energy to replace damaged tissue. Unlike iodine and alcohol products which will dry the skin with extended use, conditioners with benzalkonium chloride maintain correct skin moisture through a healthy PH balance.

Although currently used in human pharmaceuticals such as skin antiseptics and wet wipes, it has been proven to be a very effective ingredient in the animal or pet industry, particularly in the treatment of dog skin problems. These type solutions are used prior to withdrawing blood for Blood Alcohol Content tests and also as a preservative for general safety.

Standard concentrates in the treatment of dog skin problems are manufactured as 50% and 80% w/w solutions, and sold under trade names such as BC50 and BC80.

The sum of ingredients on any product purchased for the treatment of dog skin problems should always be read.

Vanessa Fisher is an expert when it comes to the treatment of dog skin problems. Her Antimicrobial Solutions which hold the ingredient, Benzalkonium Chloride, proves to be of the highest standard in not only treatment for dogs, but also in the equine industry for horse diseases such as white line disease.

At one time it was considered that the only way forward for you to train your dog properly was through a dog training book! Now don`t get me wrong there is an endless source of good free advise in these books that you can put to really good use , but the trouble with book`s is like most thing`s in life they become stale and are not able to move with the time`s .

I`ve read some good dog training book`s in my time they have good tip`s and little common sense dog training method`s that some dog trainer`s use ! However like most other topic`s and infomation every ounce of knowledge has evolved to the internet where there is access to a vast array of website`s that cover absolutely every issue, this resource is better than any dog training book!

However I`ve searched site after site for different element`s on dog training where as i`d find one site good for one aspect and another in other area`s. It wasn`t until i came across one site that just simply seem to cover far beyond my expectation`s there was so many techniques and method`s by this dog trainer i thought to myself what make`s this particular dog trainer stand above the vast sea of other dog trainer`s ?

So I delved deeper and deeper to learn that this young lady just happen to have a C.V and other credential`s that just simply comfirm why she`s the best at her game by far, she`s a young Hollywood dog trainer called Dove Cresswell and i was so much in awe with her i created a site reviewing her tutoring school if you want to visit my review on Dove please feel free to visit at http://dog–training–book .blogspot.com to read more about her.

I found her method`s and techniques far more refreshing and rewarding than any dog training book i`ve ever read and reviewed before and i can truly say i have seen a significant change in my dog after using just afew of these method`s . Because Dove`s learning all the time you benefit from learning more as her site can update at any time unlike a dog training book and this is what purely made me review Dove Cresswell Dog trainer taking dog training to a new level!

Dog training book